Right-Wing
Politics
In politics, the Right, right-wing, and rightist have been defined as acceptance or support of social hierarchy. Inequality is viewed by the Right as either inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, whether it arises through traditional social differences or from competition in market economies. There is a range in level of right-wing positions. The politics of the centre-right involve the acceptance of a degree of hierarchy in society based on the idea that inferior quality of behaviour will lead people to inferior status positions, but claims that people can leave inferior status positions and raise themselves by changing their choices of behaviour. The far-right involves support of strong or complete social hierarchy in society, and supports supremacy of certain individuals or groups deemed to be innately superior who are to be more valued than those deemed to be innately inferior.
The political terms Right and Left were coined during the 18th century, resulting from the French Revolution (1789–99), and referred to where politicians sat in the French parliament; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime. In France, the original Right comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy, tradition, and clericalism. The Right wing invoked natural law and divine law to explain the normality of social inequalities.The use of the expression le droit (the right) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815, when le droir was applied to describe the Ultra-royalists.
In English-speaking countries it was not until the 20th century that the terms "right" and "left" were generally applied to their own politics. The meaning of right-wing thus "varies across societies, historical epochs, and political systems and ideologies."Although the term originally designated traditional conservatives and reactionaries, the usage of “right-wing” was extended to describe liberal conservatives, classical liberals, libertarian conservatives, Christian democrats, and types of nationalists.
In politics, the Right, right-wing, and rightist have been defined as acceptance or support of social hierarchy. Inequality is viewed by the Right as either inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, whether it arises through traditional social differences or from competition in market economies. There is a range in level of right-wing positions. The politics of the centre-right involve the acceptance of a degree of hierarchy in society based on the idea that inferior quality of behaviour will lead people to inferior status positions, but claims that people can leave inferior status positions and raise themselves by changing their choices of behaviour. The far-right involves support of strong or complete social hierarchy in society, and supports supremacy of certain individuals or groups deemed to be innately superior who are to be more valued than those deemed to be innately inferior.
The political terms Right and Left were coined during the 18th century, resulting from the French Revolution (1789–99), and referred to where politicians sat in the French parliament; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime. In France, the original Right comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy, tradition, and clericalism. The Right wing invoked natural law and divine law to explain the normality of social inequalities.The use of the expression le droit (the right) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815, when le droir was applied to describe the Ultra-royalists.
In English-speaking countries it was not until the 20th century that the terms "right" and "left" were generally applied to their own politics. The meaning of right-wing thus "varies across societies, historical epochs, and political systems and ideologies."Although the term originally designated traditional conservatives and reactionaries, the usage of “right-wing” was extended to describe liberal conservatives, classical liberals, libertarian conservatives, Christian democrats, and types of nationalists.
Left-Wing
Politics
In politics, the Left, left-wing, and leftists are people or views which generally support social change to create a more egalitarian society.They usually involve a concern for those in society who are disadvantaged relative to others and an assumption that there are unjustified inequalities (which right-wing politics views as natural or traditional) that should be reduced or abolished.
The political terms Left and Right were coined during the French Revolution (1789–1799), referring to the seating arrangement in the Estates General: those who sat on the left generally supported the radical changes of the revolution, including the creation of a republic and secularization, while those on the right were supportive of the traditional institutions of the Old Regime. Use of the term "Left" became more prominent after the restoration of the French monarchy in 1815 when it was applied to the "Independents". The term was later applied to a number of revolutionary movements, especially socialism, anarchism, and communism as well as more reformist movements such as green politics, social democracy, and social liberalism.
The spectrum of left-wing politics ranges from centre-left to far left (or ultra-left). The term centre left describes a position within the political mainstream. The terms far left and ultra-left refer to positions that are more radical. The centre-left includes social democrats, social liberals, progressives and also some democratic socialists and greens (in particular the eco-socialists). Centre-left supporters accept market allocation of resources in a mixed economy with a significant public sector and a thriving private sector. Centre-left policies tend to favour limited state intervention in matters pertaining to the public interest.
In several countries, the terms far left and radical left have been associated with communism, Maoism, Autonomism and many forms of anarchism. They have been used to describe groups that advocate anti-capitalist, identity politics or eco-terrorism. In France, a distinction is made between the left (Socialist Party and Communist Party) and the far left (Trotskyists, Maoists and Anarchists). The US Department of Homeland Security defines left-wing extremism as groups who want "to bring about change through violent revolution rather than through established political processes."
In China, the term Chinese New Left denotes those who oppose the current economic reforms and favour the restoration of more socialist policies. In the Western world, the term New Left refers to cultural politics. In the United Kingdom in the 1980s, the term hard left was applied to supporters of Tony Benn, such as the Campaign Group and Labour Briefing, as well as Trotskyist groups such as the Militant Tendency and Socialist Organiser. In the same period, the term soft left was applied to supporters of the British Labour Party who were perceived to be more moderate. Under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown the British Labour Party re-branded itself as New Labour in order to promote the notion that it was less left-wing than it had been in the past. One of the first actions however of the Labour Party leader who succeeded them, Ed Miliband, was the rejection of the "New Labour" label.
In politics, the Left, left-wing, and leftists are people or views which generally support social change to create a more egalitarian society.They usually involve a concern for those in society who are disadvantaged relative to others and an assumption that there are unjustified inequalities (which right-wing politics views as natural or traditional) that should be reduced or abolished.
The political terms Left and Right were coined during the French Revolution (1789–1799), referring to the seating arrangement in the Estates General: those who sat on the left generally supported the radical changes of the revolution, including the creation of a republic and secularization, while those on the right were supportive of the traditional institutions of the Old Regime. Use of the term "Left" became more prominent after the restoration of the French monarchy in 1815 when it was applied to the "Independents". The term was later applied to a number of revolutionary movements, especially socialism, anarchism, and communism as well as more reformist movements such as green politics, social democracy, and social liberalism.
The spectrum of left-wing politics ranges from centre-left to far left (or ultra-left). The term centre left describes a position within the political mainstream. The terms far left and ultra-left refer to positions that are more radical. The centre-left includes social democrats, social liberals, progressives and also some democratic socialists and greens (in particular the eco-socialists). Centre-left supporters accept market allocation of resources in a mixed economy with a significant public sector and a thriving private sector. Centre-left policies tend to favour limited state intervention in matters pertaining to the public interest.
In several countries, the terms far left and radical left have been associated with communism, Maoism, Autonomism and many forms of anarchism. They have been used to describe groups that advocate anti-capitalist, identity politics or eco-terrorism. In France, a distinction is made between the left (Socialist Party and Communist Party) and the far left (Trotskyists, Maoists and Anarchists). The US Department of Homeland Security defines left-wing extremism as groups who want "to bring about change through violent revolution rather than through established political processes."
In China, the term Chinese New Left denotes those who oppose the current economic reforms and favour the restoration of more socialist policies. In the Western world, the term New Left refers to cultural politics. In the United Kingdom in the 1980s, the term hard left was applied to supporters of Tony Benn, such as the Campaign Group and Labour Briefing, as well as Trotskyist groups such as the Militant Tendency and Socialist Organiser. In the same period, the term soft left was applied to supporters of the British Labour Party who were perceived to be more moderate. Under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown the British Labour Party re-branded itself as New Labour in order to promote the notion that it was less left-wing than it had been in the past. One of the first actions however of the Labour Party leader who succeeded them, Ed Miliband, was the rejection of the "New Labour" label.
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